Live Freshwater Fish

BALISTIDAE BALISTIDAE (TRIGGERS) Triggers live in reef areas where the water is in constant movement, so you must plan a large aquarium for them (at least 400 liters) with highly agitated and well-oxygenated water. Their jaws and teeth allow them to graze on coral, crabs, and mollusks. In captivity they accept animal food, such as small mollusks (cockles, mussels), complete with their shells. They are fairly aggressive and must be kept singly, away from small fish and invertebrates. One of the distinguishing features of this family of marine fish is its ability to stick out the first spoke of its dorsal fin, and then block it with the second one (explaining their alternative name of crossbowmen). Balistoides conspicillum The clown trigger is not only voracious - it is also fast, usually reaching any food before other fish. It is not slow to rearrange the decor, either, although it is easy to domesticate. However, it is best to acclimatize it before it measures more than 10 cm. Size: 25 cm. Balistapus undulatus The undulated trigger fish is so resistant that it can survive for over 10 years in an aquarium. It is easy to acclimatize and keep, although it is prone to knocking over bits of decor. Size: 20 cm. Balistes vetula The queen trigger fish, native to the tropical Atlantic - the others come from the Indo-Pacific region - is one of the most placid. It is easy to acclimatize and grows quickly - sometimes up to 50 cm. Size: 30-50 cm. Rhinecanthus aculeatus Its common name, the Picasso trigger fish, comes from its distinctive coloring. It defends its territory fiercely. Some related species (R. asasi, R. rectangulus, R. verrucosus) are sometimes commercially available, often under the same name. Size: 20 cm.
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LIVE FISH SCORPAENIDAE (LIONFISH) Lionfish are not only stunning to look at, but they can also constitute a real danger for an aquarist: some of their spiny spokes emit a venom similar to that of certain snakes. They are placid and majestic fish, easy to keep in an aquarium of at least 300 liters. The tank must be furnished with elaborate and convoluted decor, complete with grottoes and overhangs: lionfish swim through them flat or at an angle. Their large mouth is equal to their voracity: they devour live prey, often small fish (take care with their roommates!). Nevertheless, these remain amongst the most deirable subjects for the amateur aquarist and repay without any doubt any amount of trouble. WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE STUNG Consult a doctor immediately. The very intense pain increases for 20 minutes, reaches a peak, and gradually subsides over a period of 4-24 hours. Bleed the wound and immerse it in the hottest water possible to partially inhibit the action of the venom. Obviously, the best idea is to avoid getting stung; take care when putting your hand into the tank and wear protective gloves that are waterimpermeable. Pterois volitans The volitan lionfish is the one most often found in the aquarium trade. It gets accustomed to dead foodstuffs. The membrane linking the spokes of the pectoral fins runs to the rear end of their body, which is not the case with the other species of the Pterois genus, where the rear is unencumbered. Size: 35 cm Pterois antennata The antenna lionfish has four dark bands on its head. A close relative, P. sphex, has less intense coloring. The latter is hard to find in Europe, but is frequently imported into the United States. Size: 20 cm. Pterois radiata Two white horizontal bands on the caudal peduncle distinguish the radiata lionfish from the other species. Easy to keep, it gets used to eating dead prey. Size: 25 cm. Dendrochirus zebra The dwarf lionfish does not grow longer than 15 cm, in contrast to the Pterois. It is also distinguished by the absence of a membrane between the spokes of the pectoral fins. Size: 15 cm.
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ACANTHURIDAE Acanthurus sohal The sohal tang is one of the most beautiful of the Acanthurids. It can accept artificial vegetable food, but it prefers to feed on brine shrimps and ground mussels. Its territorial behavior sometimes makes it aggressive. Size: 25 cm. Naso brevirostris Young longnose unicorn fish do not have a horn. A related species, N. unicornis, only has a hump on its forehead. These two species are vigorous swimmers and mainly feed on algae; the adults are more carnivorous than the young. Size: 25-30 cm. Naso lituratus The smooth-headed unicorn fish is a relatively easy species to keep. Although generally placid, they can become aggressive if they are upset. The adults in this species have fine extensions to the tips of the caudal fin, while the juveniles have white patches. Size: 25 cm. Paracanthurus hepatus The blue coloring of the young turns gray on their belly and back once they reach adulthood. Somewhat unobtrusive, the hippo tang likes having hiding places. Size: 18 cm Zebra so ma flavescens The anal and dorsal fins of the zebrasomas are more developed than those of other tangs. These timid species must be provided .vith shelters. The coloring of the yellow tang varies according to ts geographical origins. Size: 18 cm. Zebrasoma veliferum When the sailfin tang is in motion, this beautiful swimmer tucks its fins along its body, although it does open them to “impress” other members of the same species and to chase them off its territory (the yellow tang does the same). Size: 30 cm.
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LIVE FISH ACANTHURIDAE (TANGS) Native to the tropical waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans, the tangs are less common in the Atlantic ocean. An upright spine on the caudal peduncle has earned them the alternative name of surgeonfish, as this spine resembles a scalpel. It plays a defensive role and can represent a danger for the aquarist. Despite their squat bodies, which seem to have been squashed sideways, they are good swimmers, and they live in groups in a natural setting. They feed on algae and small prey which fit into their mouths. These fish are active and require a tank of at least 300 liters, with only one tang, because in such a limited space they do not get along with each other. It is also advisable not to put any invertebrates into the aquarium. Tangs feed on brine shrimps or other live prey, but they also require a vegetable complement. The water must be well filtered and stirred, with fairly bright lighting, to favor the growth of algae. The young are easier to acclimatize. Their reproduction, which, in their natural environment, seems to be connected with the lunar cycle, has never been observed in an aquarium. Acanthurus achilles A very delicate species to keep, the Achilles tang appreciates partial (but small) changes of water on a regular basis. It accepts vegetable foodstuffs and small animal prey. Size: 15-18 cm. Acanthurus japonicus The powder brown tang is a good swimmer. It keenly grazes the algae on the decor, but also accepts small prey. It is very delicate to keep in captivity. Size: 18 cm. Acanthurus lineatus This is a fairly easy species to keep in captivity, if it is supplied with vegetable foodstuffs. A good swimmer, the clown tang behaves extremely aggressively towards other tangs. Size: 18-20 cm. Acanthurus leucosternon The powder blue tang appreciates hiding places and changes of water. Difficult to acclimatize, it can however accept commercial foodstuffs if they are predominantly vegetable. Size: 15 cm.
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ZANCLIDAE SIGANIDAE These are distinguished by spiny spokes which secrete a venomous substance. A prick is painful for an aquarist, although not as much as one caused by a lionfish (but it is still advisable to consult a doctor). These small-mouthed fish are herbivorous. Siganus Several of these species are commercially available. The peaceful rabbitfish graze algae in the decor but also accept small pieces of animal food. When they are frightened they take refuge in the hiding places that are indispensable for these fishes. Size: 20 cm. Lo vulpinus Hardy and easy to acclimatize, the foxface feeds on small, live prey and vegetable material. It will accept mussel pieces but what it really relishes is ground spinach. It is placid but active, and needs room to swim, along with somewhere to hide. Size: 20 cm. ZANCLIDAE The Zanchlids have a very compact body: one of the spokes of the dorsal fin is extended in a fine filament. Considered fragile and delicate, they feed on small, live prey and can sometimes attack invertebrates (corals, worms). Even if their form suggests otherwise, they are closely related to the Acanthurids, although, unlike these, they do not have a spine on the caudal peduncle. These fish are sensitive to chemical treatments and can die suddenly, without any apparent reason. In their native habitat (the Indo-Pacific region), they are respected, and even sometimes venerated, by local fishermen, who often return them to the sea. Zanclus canescens The Moorish idol normally feeds on algae and sponges. In captivity it must be given a wide range of food so that it can make its own choice. It does not tolerate the presence of other Zanclids. Z. cornutus is considered a closely related species, but is distinguished by the absence of small spines in front of the eyes. Size: 25 cm.
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LIVE FISH Bodianus mesothorax The young are brown-black with dark patches on the fins that disappear in the bicolor adult. The harpfish swims continuously, and it must therefore be given a large space with room to move about, although the aquarium must also provide it with shelters. The adults do not tolerate members of their own species. Size: 20 cm. Bodianus rufus There is barely any difference between the young and the adults, which are somewhat aggressive. This Spanish hogfish has carnivorous tastes. Size: 25 cm. Lienardella fasciata The Harlequin tusk wrasse, aggressive even toward bigger fish, likes eating mollusks, worms, and crustaceans, and it needs shelters. Size: 15 cm. Thalassoma lunare The lunar wrasse is aggressive towards other members of its own species. It is easy to acclimatize, although it requires large open spaces in which it can swim freely. Size: 20 cm. MURENIDAE (MURENAS) These usually nocturnal fish stalk small prey. They camouflage themselves in rocks and crevices, with only their head sticking out. An aquarist must be careful, because a murena’s bite can be dangerous. Echidna nebulosa The snowflake murena is an attractive species which sometimes makes an appearance by day, especially at mealtimes. It can live for quite a long time. Its tail can also be very long, so plan on a big tank. Size: 90 cm.
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LABRIDAE Gomphosus coeruleus The birdmouth wrasse can live in couples, but two males will not tolerate each other. it is easy to keep and its feeding poses no special problems. The adult male is greenblue, the female brown-purple. Size: 30 cm male), 20 cm (female). Labroides dimidiatus This wrasse is “cleaning” an Acanthurus leucosternon. Labroides dimidiatus The cleaner wrasse, with a reputation for being difficult to acclimatize, lives in couples as an adult. It feeds on live prey and it has a highly distinctive habit: it “cleans” other fish. It puts on a show in a specific part of the tank to attract them, and it then frees them of their external parasites or pieces of dead skin. When there are no males available, a female can change sex. Size: 10 cm. THE FALSE CLEANER (ASPIDONTUS TAENIATUS) This is not a Labrid - in fact, it belongs to the Blenniid family - but it closely resembles the true cleaner, although the position of its mouth is different (it is terminal in the true version). It takes advantage of this resemblance by tricking fish into getting cleaned and then tearing off pieces of their skin, or even their branchiae. False cleaners are raised in specific aquariums and fed on crustaceans. On very rare occasions they attack fish belonging to the Labrid family. Size: 10-12 cm. Coris gaimard The adult red coris wrasses sport bright blue dots on a brown-red background; the young are red with white dorsal patches which gradually fade with age. This fish buries itself in the sand, although it is a good swimmer. It feeds on mussels, shrimps, worms, and artificial food. Size: 20 cm.
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LIVE FISH CLARIFICATION Occasional variations in color and name changes can lead to confusions in this group, especially in the species that are predominantly blue. The latter includes a blue-green damsel, while the blue damsels can present yellow coloring on the tail and belly, although this varies from one specimen to another. They are all easy to acclimatize and feed, and they reproduce in captivity - all these factors endear them to beginners. The second group of damsels is distinguished by its vertical black bands (genus Dascyllus’, 6 or 7 species are currently imported). The third group covers the Abudefduf genus - including the species sometimes known as “devils” - which are less common in aquariums. Dascyllus trimaculatus The young domino damsels live in groups, while the adults gradually isolate themselves. The white spots disappear in older fishes. Their reproduction is easy; the male watches over the eggs. Size: 14 cm. Dascyllus aruanus The three-stripe damsel does not exceed 8 cm in length as an adult and prefers to live in isolation; the young live in groups. A closely related species, D. melanurus (black-tailed damsel), is distinguished by a vertical black band on the tip of the caudal fin. LABRIDAE The Labrids constitute one of the major fish families (several hundred species divided among 70 genera). These highly active, colored fish with fusiform (tapering at each end) bodies often live alone. Some species bury themselves in the sediment at night, and this must be taken into account when planning the aquarium: provide them with a sandy bed. Their sturdy teeth allow them to feed on invertebrates (which must, therefore, be kept away from them). In captivity they accept live prey, but will become accustomed to deep-frozen (sometimes commercial) food. The coloring of the juveniles is often very different from that of the adults. Coris angulata The Coris clown wrasse grows to 1 m in the wild but does not exceed 30 cm in an aquarium. The juveniles are characterized by their large, red dorsal patches, which fade when they reach a length of 10-15 cm. The adults are a uniform brownblack. Aggressive towards other wrasses, this fish buries itself at night, or when in danger.
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POMACENTRIDAE DAMSELS Damsels are pretty fish that are easy to raise, and some live in association with anemones. They adapt well to captivity and often accept artificial food (though live prey, mussels, and ground shrimps are clear favorites); they lay eggs quite easily. With these characteristics in mind, and not forgetting their modest price, damsels are recommended for aquarists making their first venture into sea water. Glyphidodontops cyaneus Like the other species known as damsels, this is one of the least expensive of aquarium marine fishes. The blue damsel (syn. Chrysiptera cyanea) is territorial and can sometimes be aggressive. It accepts commercial foods. Size: 8 cm. Pomacentrus coelestis The electric blue damsel can live in groups in a large tank. In a smaller aquarium it is wise to keep only a single specimen. Size: 8 cm. Abudefduf saxatilis This is more aggressive than the other damsels. The sergeant-major can live to an age of 5 years or more in captivity. It eats mainly brine shrimps, mussels, and chopped shrimps. Size: 15-17 cm. DAMSELS FOR BEGINNERS Novices are advised to start with the “blue damsels” group. Chromis caerulea (the blue-green damsel) is active and lives in groups, sometimes dominated by the males. It accepts artificial food. Chrysiptera parasema (azure damsel, syn. Glyphidodontops hemicyaneus) is a robust species which lays eggs in captivity. The female can sometimes lay more than 200 eggs, and is then ejected from the nest by the male, which takes on the task of guarding it. Hatching occurs after 1 week. This fish will accept commercial food.
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POMACENTRIDAE Premnas biaculeatus The maroon clownfish is distinguished from the Amphiprion genus by the spine on its operculum. It is quite aggressive, towards both its own species and Amphiprions. Size: 13-15 cm. Amphiprion frenatus The juvenile’s small white band in the middle of its sides disappears in adulthood. Highly territorial, the tomato clownfish lives in couples; it reproduces easily. Size: 15 cm. Amphiprion perideraion It is best not to keep more than one couple of this small species, without any other clownfish. The dorsal and anal fins of the male skunk clownfish display a fine orange band; the females are white or translucent. Size: 9 cm. Amphiprion ocellaris Several couples can live in the same anemone, if it is big enough. Easy to keep, the ocellaris clownfish is nevertheless fragile in its acclimatization period (1-3 months); after that, it is highly robust. It lays eggs without problems and accepts artificial food. It is sometimes confused with the true clownfish (Amphiprion percula), but its white bands are fringed with black. Size: 11 cm. Amphiprion sebae Seba’s clownfish, easy to keep in an aquarium, is one of the biggest Amphiprion species, as the female grows o 12 cm. An anemone houses a single couple, sometimes with the fry. Amphiprion clarkii Clark’s clownfish lives in couples, occupying several different anemones and straying some distance from them. It is one of the easiest to acclimatize. The male is distinguished by its yellow caudal fin (white in the female). Size: 15 cm.
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